Libya Poses Immigration Challenge To Italy

Sabina Zaccaro

HAVANA TIMES, April 3 (IPS) — The influx of migrants arriving from Libya and other African countries has created an unprecedented humanitarian crisis in southern Italy.

The number of migrants arriving on the island of Lampedusa has risen considerably over the previous few months, with thousands of people arriving since January. Lampedusa, an Italian island 205 km from the Italian coast, located between Tunisia and Sicily, is used as a holding centre for migrants, particularly from Africa.

Between Mar. 26 and 28, nearly 830 migrants reportedly arrived there, including 80 women and 12 children, from Tripoli and Misrata in Libya. But most of them came from Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan and Somalia.

In the last week of Mar. 794 migrants sailing from Tripoli landed on the island of Linosa, 42 km north-east to Lampedusa. Amongst them were 90 women and 20 children under five, and 15 unaccompanied minors, of these 5 girls. They have all been transferred to Sicily, where a further 500 migrants landed Thursday.

Compared to the larger figures of people fleeing Libya since the revolt against Muammar Gaddafi erupted in late Feb., the number of migrants to Italy is not very high, though it is generating panic across the country.

According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the total number of people who have left Libya since the beginning of the conflict amounted to 398,652 as of Mar. 29, including 202,273 those who migrated to Tunisia, 160,455 to Egypt and 18,137 to Niger as well as lesser numbers to the Sudan, Algeria and Chad.

On Mar. 28 and 29 the daily numbers of people crossing to Tunisia and Egypt were at more than 4,000 and 2,000 respectively.

Italy only reluctantly joined Western-led military operations earlier in Mar. allowing seven of its military bases to be used for airstrike missions to the North African country. “It is not through actions of war that we can make Gaddafi leave, but rather through strong international pressure to encourage defections by people close to him,” Italy’s foreign minister Franco Frattini told a national private television this week.

Frattini announced that he will meet members of Libya’s rebel Interim National Council in Rome next week. “We have close contact with the rebels in Bengasi, where our consulate is always open,” he said. Italy’s official position is that the way forward was not warfare but diplomatic pressure to bring about defections among members of Gaddafi’s inner circle, and persuade him to go into exile.

Libyans are only a minor part of migrants landing in Italy in the last weeks. According to the Ministry of Interior, in recent weeks about 22,000 people from North Africa, and mostly from Tunisia, have arrived on Lampedusa and Sicily by boat.

While the majority was transferred to Sicily and other southern regions, or managed to escape controls, as of Mar. 27 5,217 were still in Lampedusa. About 350 are unaccompanied children.

The Italian authorities have called the recent wave of migration across the Mediterranean a “humanitarian emergency” and have requested the assistance of the European Union (EU) including its external borders control agency Frontex in stemming the migration flows.

While the influx was largely predictable following the recent uprisings in the Arab region, the Italian government was mostly unprepared to handle the situation.

Migrants are blocked in Lampedusa since weeks, waiting to be transferred to other places across the country. The sole refugee centre there can only accommodate 850 people.

Many have not been provided with the most basic humanitarian assistance, Amnesty International (AI) said.

Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi visited the island on Tuesday and pledged on they would “clear Lampedusa within 48-60 hours”; however, it is still not clear where all the people will be transferred to.

Large ferries arrived at Lampedusa on Friday morning for the announced evacuation, but the boarding operations were suspended due to bad sea conditions.

Migrants in Lampedusa have not been provided with the most basic humanitarian assistance such as shelter, medical care, mats, blankets and access to sanitary facilities, AI has found.

There are no showers, no toilets and no shelters. “Around 4,000 people are currently sleeping outdoors,” Charlotte Phillips from AI told IPS. “Despite efforts by aid agencies on the ground, most Tunisians — already hit by poverty or violence in their country — have found themselves without the most basic of (sanitary) provisions.”

According to Phillips, the humanitarian crisis has been determined by the bad management of the situation. “No doubt it could have been avoided,” she said.

Most of migrants interviewed by human rights organizations explained they left their countries in search of international protection; others have fled from tension and violence, or an untenable situation. Many have expressed the desire to continue their journey on to other European countries.

Humanitarian agencies fear that refugees are not given access to fair asylum procedures, because of the chaotic situation in Lampedusa, and that the government can decide for mass forced expulsions without consideration of individual cases.

“The Italian authorities should also not assume that people arriving in Lampedusa are economic migrants,” Phillips said.

And this is true particularly for those who may be particularly vulnerable — such as pregnant women, children and individuals in need of health assistance.

Approximately 350 unaccompanied children are at the moment in Lampedusa. 100 of them have escaped controls and are now wandering on the island, alone and exposed to bad weather conditions, according to Save the Children.

“The most urgent measure required for the protection of the child is the immediate transfer of unaccompanied children and those in family groups to the mainland,” said Carlotta Bellini, child protection manager at Save the Children. “Unaccompanied minors should be placed in residential care facilities for children which guarantee acceptable living conditions.”